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AbstractRecently in the field of policy studies, there has been a renewed interest in research that connects policy design with broader governance outcomes. As opposed to past studies of policy design that have characterized policies along broad categories of variables, however, recent studies have sought to systematically assess the language of public policies and resultant outcomes. This paper contributes to the existing and emerging literature on policy design by coupling a content analysis of polices governing the aquaculture industry in two U.S. states and interviews with aquaculture community members to understand policy design and perceptions of policy legitimacy, coerciveness, and enforcement.

Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 What Is Institutional Analysis? -- 1.1.1 Institutional Analysis by Discipline -- 1.1.1.1 Public Policy and Administration -- 1.1.1.2 Political Science -- 1.1.1.3 Economics -- 1.1.1.4 Sociology -- 1.1.1.5 Social Psychology -- 1.1.1.6 Law -- 1.1.1.7 Philosophy -- 1.1.1.8 Computer Science -- 1.1.2 Convergence Toward Interdisciplinary Institutional Analysis -- 1.2 Institutional Analysis with the Institutional Analysis and Development Framework -- 1.3 Primer on the Institutional Grammar -- 1.4 Overview of Chapter Contents -- References -- 2 Review of Institutional Grammar Research: Overview, Opportunities, Challenges -- 2.1 Guiding Research Questions -- 2.2 Analytical Approaches Used in Institutional Grammar Research -- 2.2.1 Frameworks, Theories, and Concept Measurement -- 2.2.2 Collecting and Analyzing Institutional Grammar Data -- 2.3 Research Opportunities and Challenges -- References -- 3 Motivation for a New Institutional Grammar -- 3.1 Ontological Consistency -- 3.2 Toward a Comprehensive Representation of Institutional Meaning -- 3.3 Grammars in the Linguistic and Institutional Sense -- References -- 4 Institutional Grammar 2.0: Conceptual Foundations and General Syntax -- 4.1 Conceptual Foundations -- 4.1.1 Levels of Expressiveness -- 4.1.2 Constitutive and Regulative Statements -- 4.2 IG Core -- 4.2.1 Regulative Syntax -- 4.2.1.1 Attributes -- 4.2.1.2 Deontic -- 4.2.1.3 Aim -- 4.2.1.4 Object -- 4.2.1.5 Context -- 4.2.1.6 Or Else -- 4.2.1.7 Regulative Institutional Statement Structure -- 4.2.2 Statement Combinations (Horizontal Nesting) -- 4.2.3 Regulative Institution Types -- 4.2.3.1 Three Branches of Institutional Analysis -- 4.2.3.2 Mapping Institutions to Statements -- 4.2.3.3 Revisiting the Norm/Rule Distinction.

Chapter 1. Introduction -- Chapter 2. Review of Institutional Grammar Research: Overview, Opportunities, Challenges -- Chapter 3. Motivation for a New Institutional Grammar -- Chapter 4. Institutional Grammar 2.0: Conceptual Foundations and General Syntax -- Chapter 5. Institutional Grammar 2.0: Deep Structural Parsing and Hybrid Institutional Statements -- Chapter 6. Institutional Grammar 2.0: Semantic Features and Analytical Linkages -- Chapter 7. Methodological Guidance for Encoding Institutional Information -- Chapter 8. Institutional Analysis and Applications -- Chapter 9. Contextualization and Future Development of the Institutional Grammar.

Abstract
The formal engagement of diverse stakeholder groups in policy design and implementation has become a mainstay governance strategy. While much has been learned about collaborative governance arrangements in terms of their structure, processes, and participant dynamics, one particularly salient dynamic has been relatively underexplored: the factors contributing to sustained participation in collaborative venues. Public administration and policy have developed a variety of conceptual theories which draw attention to interpersonal interactions and the ability of stakeholders to garner political wins as important contributing factors to sustained participation. In this paper, we test four theoretically rooted hypotheses to investigate stakeholder attendance in the collaborative governance case of an environmental justice council. We analyze council meeting minute data using computational text analysis tools and a Stochastic Actor-Oriented Model to assess: (i) conflict and concord, measured in terms of repeated (dis)agreement with others; and (ii) interest advancement, or the extent to which a stakeholder makes positive, neutral, and negative comments towards topics which become the council's annual objectives in relation to an individual's attendance. Our interpersonal interaction results show increased positive relationships are associated with increased attendance, and increased negative relationships are associated with decreased attendance, but, for both cases, only when interactions are repeated and not one-off. Our interest advancement results show: (1) an increase in supported annual objectives is associated with decreases in attendance for an individual stakeholder, but (2) increased oppositional and neutral annual topics are associated with a greater likelihood of attendance. This paper contributes to existing scholarship on collaborative governance by offering additional insights into individual factors associated with sustained engagement in the collaborative venue. Furthermore, the paper offers a generalizable methodological approach for analyzing these dynamics drawing on computational text analysis of meeting minute data.

摘要本文介绍了一系列文章,这些文章研究了被称之为制度语法(IG)的制度分析方法。过去十年,学者已从不同方式并在不同领域中应用了制度语法,以研究决策过程的关键概念和不同方面,例如政策设计、政策变革和政策执行。在此期间,公共政策和不同其他领域的学者展示了制度语法如何能用于这类评估,以及制度语法如何能与不同方法相结合,进而应对不同的研究目的。本文(i)概述了制度语法;(ii)识别了近期《政策研究杂志》出版的一系列研究制度语法应用案例的文章中呈现的交叉主题;(iii)为基于此的未来研究以及其他近期发表的制度语法文章识别了研究机遇。

The study of policy design has been of long-standing interest to policy scholars. Recent surveys of policy design scholarship acknowledge two main pathways along which it has developed; one in which the process of policy designing is emphasised and one in which the output of this policy designing process – for example, policy content – is emphasised. As part of a survey of extant research, this article discusses how scholars guided by different orientations to studying policy design are addressing and measuring common policy design concepts and themes, and offers future research opportunities. The article also provides a platform for considering how insights stemming from different orientations of policy design research can be integrated and mapped within the broader public policy process. Finally, the article raises the question of whether a framework that links different conceptualisations of policy design within the policy process might help to advance the field.

AbstractThis article examines whether changes in policy design lead to incremental or punctuated changes in policy outputs. Leveraging a synthesis of policy design and punctuated equilibrium literatures, we analyze whether changes in policy targets, policy instruments, and policy incentives have differing effects on the distributions of changes in policy outputs. Our empirical examination is a study of net metering policy in the United States over the years 2007–2016. A key finding is that there is a relationship between policy designs that change more frequently and less punctuated distributions of outputs; namely, that changes to certain elements of policies are related to a greater frequency of gradual changes in policy outputs than changes to others.

Diversity has long been recognized as a critical component of collaborative governance. Among many rationales, the representation of diverse perspectives and participants in collaborative governance arrangements is expected to facilitate holistic understandings of complex public policy and management issues while promoting principles of democracy and inclusion. Such outcomes, however, are typically only achievable if the process of collaboration similarly engenders these principles. In this article, we investigate the dynamic relationship between diversity and perceived procedural justice in the context of 10 collaborative policymaking groups involved in guiding U.S. marine aquaculture policy development. Among our key findings is that certain types of participant diversity (i.e., affiliation and intergovernmental diversity) and diversity in beliefs about science and local knowledge are significantly associated with perceptions of procedural justice among participants within the collaborative groups. We also find that the relationship between participant diversity and perceived procedural justice is curvilinear; the positive effect of diversity is highest when the level of diversity is moderate (an inverted U-shaped pattern). We conclude our article with practical implications and suggestions for future research on procedural justice within collaborative partnerships.

Administrators and policymakers increasingly rely on collaborative policymaking groups to inform policy development. While this trend is observed in a wide array of policy domains, it is particularly common in the regulation of natural resource-based industries which requires the simultaneous consideration of an interrelated set of economic, technical, and social factors. In this article, we examine outcomes associated with collaborative policymaking groups involved in informing state aquaculture policy, referred to herein as aquaculture partnerships. We define outcomes here as consequences on relevant contextual conditions (social, political, and environmental) that follow from the work or design of collaborative processes. Using data collected through an online survey of partnership participants ( n = 123), we examine individual and procedural factors that significantly associate with partnerships' positive or negative influence on a set of policy and social outcomes, as perceived by their participants. Overall, we find that participants' ability to mobilize scientific and technical resources to achieve group objectives, perceptions of procedural fairness, and individual-level learning are all positively associated with partnership influence on policy and/or social outcomes. We conclude our article by highlighting the value of this research for both scholars and practitioners interested in better understanding collaborative group dynamics and outcomes relating thereto.

Nonprofit organizations operate within the confines of formalized agreements structured by parent organizations, funders, and partners. Compliance with the rules comprising these agreements leads to organizational legitimacy and the resulting access to resources. At times, compliance can be challenging because internal and external stakeholders exert pressures on nonprofits that can sometimes dissuade rule adherence. These pressures can be amplified when a nonprofit is an affiliate. Affiliate nonprofits must meet accountability demands of their local constituencies while aligning missions, organizational structures, governance, and programmatic activities with parent organizations that might be geographically distant. Affiliate status thus adds a layer of complication to an already complex environment. We conduct an institutional analysis as a basis for assessing how nonprofit affiliates interpret global rules for maintaining affiliate status and factors most important to them in maintaining continued compliance with such rules. Our research is conducted in the context of United Way (UW) affiliate organizations in Indiana.